Iritis, also called anterior uveitis, is the inflammation of the iris, the colored part of the eye responsible for controlling the pupil and regulating the amount of light entering the eye. It is a subset of uveitis, which refers to inflammation of the uveal tract, including the iris, ciliary body, and choroid. Iritis can affect one or both eyes and may occur as an isolated condition or as part of a systemic disorder.
The exact cause of iritis is often unknown, but it may be associated with autoimmune conditions, infections, or trauma. Autoimmune disorders such as ankylosing spondylitis, rheumatoid arthritis, and sarcoidosis can trigger inflammation of the iris. Infectious causes include bacterial, viral, or fungal infections. Eye injuries, including blunt trauma or surgical procedures, can also lead to iritis.
Diagnosis is established through a comprehensive eye examination, often using a slit-lamp microscope to inspect the anterior chamber and iris in detail. Additional tests may be performed to identify any underlying systemic conditions contributing to the inflammation.
Treatment aims to reduce inflammation, prevent complications, and preserve vision. Topical corticosteroid eye drops and pupil-dilating medications are commonly used. In certain cases, oral or systemic medications may be prescribed. Prompt management helps protect the eye’s structure and overall visual health
